—due July 24
Although not addressed in this chapter, allergies can affect the eyes. What drugs are available for the treatment of allergies as EYE DROPS. Find and briefly describe at least one OTC and one prescription med.
Tuesday, July 17, 2007
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Prescription:
PATADAY™ solution is a prescription eye drop for the treatment of itching caused by allergic conjunctivitis.
http://www.pataday.com/about-pataday/default.asp
emedastine (Emadine®), works well to treat eye allergies on an "as-needed" basis.
Mast cell stabilizer eye drops. These medications have been around for many years, and work well to prevent allergic conjunctivitis symptoms if used before allergen exposure. These are available as cromolyn (Crolom® and generics), nedocromil (Alocril® and generics), lodoxamide (Alomide®) and pemirolast (Alamast®). These medications are not as helpful when used on an "as needed" basis.
Anti-histamine/mast cell stabilizer dual-action eye drops. The newest generation of allergy eye drops is superior to either of the single action agents. This class of medication includes olopatadine (Patanol®), azelastine (Optivar®), epinastine (Elestat®) and ketotifen (Zaditor®). These medications block the effects of histamine and prevent mast cells from releasing the chemicals responsible for allergy symptoms.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory eye drops. Ketorolac (Acular®) is indicated for the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis, and works in a similar way as aspirin and ibuprofen. Those with aspirin sensitivity or intolerance should not use this medication.
Corticosteroid eye drops. Use of steroid eye drops can lead to severe complications if not used with caution and under the close supervision of a physician experienced in the use of these medications. Complications can include glaucoma, cataract formation, and severe eye infections. One type of steroid eye drop, loteprednol (Alrex®), is indicated for the short-term use (typically less than 7-10 days) of allergic conjunctivitis, but should be used with caution. These medications are usually only needed in severe cases of allergic conjunctivitis, and can act as a "bridge" to another class of medication as listed above.
http://allergies.about.com/od/eyeallergies/a/conjunc_2.htm
OTC:
There are eye drops and oral medications available to treat eye allergies in children. Artificial tears are extremely safe and can be used at any age. Some eye drops, such as antihistamines and antihistamines/mast cell stabilizers, can be used in children who are 3 and older. Any treatment should be discussed with your child's physician.
http://www.acaai.org/public/eyeALLERGY/eyeBrochure.htm
-Various available eye drops:
Optrex
Similasan
Boiron Homeopathics Optique Eye Drops
Restasis
OTC Eye Drop
-Similasan-Eye Doctor recommended for Dry, red eyes stimulate the eye's natural ability to fight dryness and clear redness due to smog, stress, age, contact lens wear, allergy etc. No side effects Apply as needed.
http://www.webvitamins.com/product.aspx?id=12626&wvaid=IN&term=sortprice
-This medication temporarily relieve minor allergy symptoms including;
Itching,Burning,Excessive watering,
Inflammation, Redness of eyes and lids,
-Do not use:
If the solution changes color or becomes cloudy.If pregnant; consult a doctor.
-Stop use and ask a doctor if:
Symptoms worsen or persist for more than 72 hours, Changes in vision occur, experience eye pain.
http://www.similasanusa.com/
-Cost is around $10.00. It is considered a homeopathic remedie. Exact mechanism is unknown
Prescription eye drop
Restasis
Restasis is the only prescription eye drop that helps increase your eyes’ natural ability to produce tears, which may be reduced by inflammation due to Chronic Dry Eye. Restsis Ophthalmic Emulsion did not increase tear production in patients using topical steroids or tear duct plugs.
Research has shown that Chronic Dry Eye may be the result of a functional problem in the tear-producing glands of the eyes. This reduces tear production.
-Side effects
Burning, stinging, redness, pain, or itching of the eye may occur. Blurred vision, feeling as if something is in the eye, or eye discharge may also occur. If any of these effects persist or worsen, notify your doctor or pharmacist promptly.
-Cost equivalent to the same amount of Similasan is $107
-Mechanism of action
Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressive agent when administered systemically. In patients whose tear production is presumed to be suppressed due to ocular inflammation associated with keratoconjunctivitis sicca, cyclosporine emulsion is thought to act as a partial immunomodulator. The exact mechanism of action is not known.
http://www.restasis.com/_learn_about/prescribe.htm
OTC: Similasan Allergy Eye Relief
Helps fight allergies due to pollen, pet dander, mold spores and more,
Active Ingredients
Apis 6X- helps burning, itching and stinging
Euphrasia 6X- helps redness, swelling, watering
Sabadilla 6X- helps watering, rednedd of lids
Uses
Helps symptoms of itching, burning, excessive watering, inflammation and redness of eyes and lids.
Side Effects
There are no known side effects because the active ingredients were microdiluted according to the regulations set by the Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia of the US; so they are non-toxic and have no known side effects.
http://www.similasanusa.com/products-allergy-eye-relief.cfm
Prescription- Patanol
Patanol is in a group of drugs called antihistamines and anti allergics. It helps control conjunctivits caused by seasonal allergies.
Dosage- One to Two drops per affected eye
Side Effects- headache, discharge, swelling of the eyelid, blurred vision, gritty eye, dry eye, itching, sensitivity to sunlight and tiredness
http://www.inhousepharmacy.com/eyes/patanol.html
Similasan is pink eye relief drops that incude the eye's natural ability to relieve redness, and watery discharge associated with pink eye.
Similasan has three main active ingredients and they are: Belladonna 6x, Euphrasia 6x, and Hepar Sulphurius 12x.
Together these ingredients temporarily relieve minor symptoms such as inflammation, excessiver watery, sensation of grittiness, and redness.
2-3 drops are to be placed in the eye as needed
Restasis is a prescription eye drops that increases the eyes natural ability to produce tears. Chronic dry eye is a functional problem in the tear duct of the eye due to lack of saline.
Restasis works by reducing inflammation on the surface of the eye. The prescription calls for one drop in the morning and one drop at night. The ophthalmic emulsion helps increase your bodys natural ability to produce tears, which reduces the eye inflammation.
http://www.restasis.com/_learn_about/learn_home.htm
http://www.allaboutvision.com/similasan/
OPTIVAR effectively controls the itch of allergy eyes, thanks to its unique triple-action power:
Antihistamine action: Quickly relieves the itching that hits you minutes after an allergen enters your eye and the allergic reaction starts.
Mast cell stabilization: Works on certain cells in the eye to prevent flare-ups in the short term.
Inflammatory cell and mediator inhibition: Provides long-term relief by inhibiting cells that prolong the allergic reaction.
If you have allergic conjunctivitis, you may be suffering from irritated, itchy allergy eyes day after day. Prescription OPTIVAR eye drops can give you fast, effective relief of those itchy eyes within 3 minutes. The relief lasts for 8-10 hours.
www.optivar.com/allergyeyes/treatmentoverview.html
Visine-A OTC
Uses
temporarily relieves itchy, red eyes due to:
pollen
ragweed
grass
animal hair and dander
Warnings
Do not use if you are sensitive to any ingredient in this product
Ask a doctor before use if you have
heart disease
high blood pressure
narrow angle glaucoma
trouble urinating due to an enlarged prostate gland
When using this product
pupils may become enlarged temporarily
do not touch tip of container to any surface to avoid contamination
replace cap after each use
remove contact lenses before using
do not use if this solution changes color or becomes cloudy
overuse may cause more eye redness
Stop use and ask a doctor if
you feel eye pain
changes in vision occur
redness or irritation of the eye lasts
condition worsens or lasts more than 72 hours
Keep out of reach of children. If swallowed, get medical help or contact a Poison Control Center right away. Accidental swallowing by infants and children may lead to coma and marked reduction in body temperature.
Directions
adults and children 6 years of age and over: put 1 or 2 drops in the affected eye(s) up to 4 times a day
children under 6 years of age: consult a doctor
Other information
some users may experience a brief tingling sensation
store between 15° and 25°C (59° and 77°F)
Inactive ingredients
boric acid and sodium borate buffer system preserved with benzalkonium chloride (0.01%) and edetatedisodium (0.1%), sodium hydroxide and/or hydrochloric acid (to adjust pH), and purified water
http://www.pfizerch.com/product.aspx?id=331#hd-otherinfo
OTC drugs for eye allergies: may be Tear substitutes, Decongestants-Antihistamines class drugs and include Naphcon-A, Opcon-A, Visine-A,Vasocon, Albalon.
Opcon-A: Antihistamine/decongestants class. Generic name Naphazoline/pheniramine.
Dosage- 1 to 2 drops each affected eye up to q.i.d.
Indication- Used for relief of the symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis. This has a decongestant in addition to an antihistamine. Don't use longer than 3 days.
Rx drugs for eye allergies: May be Antihistamines, Mast Cell Stabilizers, NSAIDs, Corticosteroids classes and include Optivar, Emadine, Elestat, Patanol, Alrex, Lotemax, Crolom, Zaditor, Alomide, Alocril, Alamast, Acular.
Acular:
NSAID class. Generic name Ketorolac.
Dosage- 1 drop in each affected eye q.i.d.
Indication- Used for the temporary relief of itching due to seasonal allergic rhinitis.
Do not use if allergic to aspirin and other non-steroidal inflammatory drugs.
If stored in refrigerator will sting less during application.
http://tinyurl.com/2354a2
http://tinyurl.com/2ceght
OTC
Visine-A
Johnson & Johnson
Visine-A combines an antihistamine (pheniramine maleate 0.3%) with a redness reliever (naphazoline hydrochloride 0.025%) for the temporary relief of itchy, red allergy eyes.
Visine-A was originally available as a prescription eye allergy product and has been available OTC since 1996. The product has been clinically proven effective for eye allergy relief. Visine-A is indicated for the temporary relief of itching and redness of the eye due to pollen, ragweed, grass, animal hair and dander.
www.visine.com
Prescription
Alaway and Alrex
Bausch & Lomb
Ketotifen fumarate ophthalmic solution 0.025% (Alaway), recently approved by the FDA, is an eye itch relief product that contains both an antihistamine and mast-cell stabilizer to provide up to 12 hours of relief for itchy eyes due to ragweed, pollen, grass, animal hair and dander. The mast-cell stabilizer (ketotifen fumarate), stops the allergic reaction process to reduce seasonal symptoms. Alaway is bioequivalent to Zaditor, previously one of the leading prescription allergy eye drops, as it contains the same active ingredient and strength.
Loteprednol etabonate 0.2% (Alrex) is the only ester corticosteroid specifically formulated with the soothing components of glycerin and povidone to treat ocular allergies. Unlike antihistamine/mast-cell stabilizers, Alrex is the only ocular agent that addresses the signs/symptoms associated with both the early and late phase allergic inflammatory cascade, says B&L. Additionally, a long-term retrospective study of the drugs safety involving 159 patients receiving loteprednol for more than a year found no IOP spikes, induced cataracts or infections.
Bausch & Lomb
Phone: (800) 323-0000
www.bausch.com
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